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Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
World Development Indicators
1,060,313 2009
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
World Development Indicators
2,215,491 2009
Trademark applications filed are applications to register a trademark with a national or regional Intellectual Property (IP) office. A trademark is a distinctive sign which identifies certain goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. A trademark provides protection to the owner of the mark by ensuring the exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services, or to authorize another to use it in return for payment. The period of protection varies, but a trademark can be renewed indefinitely beyond the time limit on payment of additional fees. Direct resident trademark applications are those filed by domestic applicants directly at a given national IP office.
World Development Indicators
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Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
| East Asia & Pacific | 1.47% | |
| Euro area | 2.09% | |
| European Union | 2.04% | |
| Europe & Central Asia | 0.96% | |
| Latin America & Caribbean | 0.65% | |
| OECD members | 2.45% | |
| South Asia | 0.75% | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.58% | |
| World | 2.15% |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
| Arab World | 1% | |
| Caribbean small states | 2% | |
| East Asia & Pacific | 29% | |
| Euro area | 15% | |
| European Union | 15% | |
| Europe & Central Asia | 7% | |
| Latin America & Caribbean | 11% | |
| Middle East & North Africa | 3% | |
| OECD members | 16% | |
| Other small states | 14% | |
| Pacific island small states | 4% | |
| Small states | 4% | |
| South Asia | 7% | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 3% | |
| World | 18% |